History
Ancient history and settlement.
Bulgaria’s history spans millennia, beginning with the ancient Thracian civilization. In antiquity, it was part of the Roman Empire, contributing to its rich heritage of Roman ruins. The First Bulgarian Empire emerged in 681 AD, reaching its peak under Tsar Simeon I in the 10th century. After a period of Byzantine rule, the Second Bulgarian Empire rose in the 12th century, known for its cultural and economic prosperity. However, in 1396, Bulgaria fell to the Ottoman Empire, enduring nearly five centuries of Ottoman rule marked by cultural suppression.
The 19th century saw a cultural revival, with leaders like Vasil Levski and Hristo Botev fostering Bulgarian nationalism. In 1878, Bulgaria gained autonomy, followed by full independence in 1908. Both World Wars left their mark, with Bulgaria initially siding with the Central Powers and later the Axis Powers.
Communist rule dominated Bulgaria after World War II, lasting until 1989. The fall of communism brought democratic reforms, leading to Bulgaria’s integration into NATO in 2004 and the European Union in 2007. Today, Bulgaria blends its ancient heritage with modern developments, offering visitors a rich tapestry of history, from Thracian treasures to medieval fortresses, Roman ruins, and a vibrant cultural scene.


Geography
Ancient history and settlement.
“Bulgaria’s geography is a treasure trove for travelers. Nestled in Southeast Europe, it boasts diverse landscapes that cater to every kind of adventurer.
In the southwest, the rugged peaks of the Rila and Pirin Mountains offer thrilling skiing in winter and hiking in summer, with the iconic Seven Rila Lakes captivating visitors year-round. The Balkan Mountains, running through the heart of the country, provide scenic vistas and charming villages ideal for exploration.
The Bulgarian Black Sea coast stretches over 378 kilometers, featuring golden sandy beaches and vibrant resorts like Sunny Beach and Golden Sands. Historical gems like Nessebar, a UNESCO World Heritage site, offer a glimpse into Bulgaria’s rich past amidst stunning seaside settings.
Historic cities like Sofia, the capital, and Plovdiv, one of Europe’s oldest cities, blend ancient history with modern culture. Sofia boasts majestic landmarks such as the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral, while Plovdiv’s Old Town is a labyrinth of cobbled streets and Roman ruins.
Bulgaria’s spa towns, such as Velingrad and Hisarya, are famous for their healing mineral waters, offering relaxation and rejuvenation. For wine enthusiasts, the Thracian Valley and other wine regions beckon with vineyard tours and tastings.
Whether seeking mountain adventures, beach relaxation, cultural exploration, spa retreats, or wine tasting, Bulgaria’s geography promises an unforgettable travel experience.”